NEW HEADWAY Intermediate

JK ROWLING Passive Voice What is the passive voice? In general we tend to use the active voice. That is when a subject does an action to an object. Somebody stole my laptop. (subject = Somebody / action(verb) = stole / object = my laptop) The passive voice is used when we want to emphasize the action (the verb) and the object of a sentence rather than subject. This means that the subject is either less important than the action itself or that we don’t know who or what the subject is. My laptop  was stolen . (The object – now the subject = My laptop / action= was stolen) Passive: Napa Valley  is known  for its excellent wines. Active: [Many people] know Napa Valley for its excellent wines. Passive: Twenty civilians  were killed  in the bomb explosion. Active: Someone killed twenty civilians in the bomb explosion. The passive agent When we know who the subject is, we put it at the end with by. We call this an agent. Passive:...

INFORMATION QUESTIONS Question words Question words are also called wh questions because they include the letters 'W' and 'H'. Question words Meaning Examples who person Who's that? That's Nancy. where place Where do you live? In Boston why reason Why do you sleep early? Because I've got to get up early when time When do you go to work? At 7:00 how manner How do you go? By car what object, idea or action What do you do? I am an engineer which choice Which one do you prefer? The red one. whose possession Whose is this book? It's Alan's. whom object of the verb Whom did you meet? I met the manager. what kind description What kind of music do you like? I like quiet songs what time time What time did you come home? how many quantity (countable) How many students are there? There are twenty. how much amount, price (uncountable) How much time have we got? Ten minutes how long duration, length How long did you stay in that hotel? For ...

MODALS The modal verbs are: can could may might shall should will would must We use modal verbs to show if we believe something is  -certain,  -probable or - possible (or not).  We also use modals to do things like talking about  -ability,  -asking permission, - making requests and offers, and so on. Possibility: We use the modals  could ,  might  and  may  to show that something is possible in the future, but not certain: They  might come  later.  (= Perhaps/Maybe they will come later.) They  may come  by car.  (= Perhaps/Maybe they will come by car.) If we don’t hurry we  could be  late.  (= Perhaps/Maybe we will be late) We use the modal  can  to make  general statements  about what is possible: It  can be  very cold in winter.  (= It is sometimes very cold in winter) You  can  easily  l...